Ma capacitor anoita basa rakakosha mumagetsi, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kudzikamisa voltage inobuda uye kusefa ruzha rwemagetsi. Nekuchengetedza simba remagetsi kwenguva pfupi uye kuriburitsa panguva yekukwira kwekuda, ma capacitor anobatsira kuchengetedza simba rinobuda rakasimba uye rakachena. Basa iri rakakosha mukuderedza kukanganiswa kwekushanduka kwevoltage uye ruzha, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro uye kugara kwenguva refu kwemidziyo yemagetsi.
Pamusoro pezvo, ma capacitor ari mumagetsi anobatsira kugadzirisa shanduko dzinongoerekana dzaitika mu load current. Kana mudziyo ukatora simba rakawanda, capacitor inopa simba rinodiwa pasina kudzikira kwakanyanya kwe voltage, zvichiita kuti simba rirambe rakafanana. Kugona uku kwakakosha zvikuru mumashandisirwo apo voltage yakagadzikana inokosha, senge mumidziyo yeaudio inonzwisisika kana ma digital circuits chaiwo, zvichidzivirira kubva mukukuvadzwa kunogona kuitika nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi.
Uyezve, mukuchinjana magetsi, ma capacitor anobatsira zvikuru mukutarisira ma frequency ekuchinjana uye anobatsira mukushandura simba. Basa ravo pano rakapetwa kaviri: rekutanga, vanoderedza simba rinorasika panguva yekuchinjana kwe switch nekuchengetedza chaji kwenguva pfupi, uye chechipiri, vanogadzirisa kubuda kwesimba remagetsi kudzivirira kukanganisa kukanganiswa mudunhu. Kushanda uku kaviri hakungogadzirisi kushanda kwesimba remagetsi chete asiwo kunowedzera kushanda kwese kwemuchina wavanopa simba, zvichiita kuti simba rishandiswe nemazvo uye nemazvo.
Ma capacitor emagetsi ealuminium asina kushanda zvakanaka anogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya maseketi emagetsi. Matekiniki mazhinji akaona zviratidzo zvekutaura nyaya - kuvhurika, kudonhedza kwemakemikari, uye kunyange matops aputika. Kana akundikana, maseketi ari mairi haachashandi sezvaakagadzirirwa - kazhinji achikanganisa magetsi. Semuenzaniso, capacitor inokundikana inogona kukanganisa DC output level yemagetsi eDC nekuti haigone kusefa voltage yakagadziriswa inoputika sezvaitarisirwa. Izvi zvinoguma neavhareji yemagetsi eDC yakaderera uye zvinokonzera maitiro asina kurongeka anoenderana nekuda kweripple isingadiwe - kusiyana nevoltage yakachena yeDC inotarisirwa pamutoro. Semuenzaniso, pazasi inoratidza simba rine hutano. Sezvaunogona kuona, output (Green Line) ivoltage yeDC yakachena ine ripple yakaderera kwazvo. Ripple ndiyo AC component isingadiwe iyo capacitor inofanirwa kusefa kana (kunyorovesa) kunze. Pamucheto unokwira we waveform yakagadziriswa (mupepuru), capacitor inochaja. Pamucheto unodonha, simba rakachengetwa mu capacitor rinopa voltage yakakwana kumutoro kuti risunge kusvika pamucheto unotevera unokwira.
Muenzaniso unotevera unoratidza simba rakafanana ne capacitor inoburitsa magetsi inokundikana. Nekuti ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) ye capacitor yawedzera, circuit haichashande sezvayakagadzirwa. Izvi zvinokonzera zvinhu zviviri kuti zviitike. Zvinoita sekunge resistor yakawedzerwa yakaiswa mu series ne capacitor. Zvakare, nzvimbo yepamusoro yema capacitor plates yadzikira zvinobudirira - kuderedza capacitance. Saka pachinzvimbo chekusefa AC ripple isingadiwe, ripple iyoyo inoonekwa pane zvese zviri zviviri resistive component itsva yakaiswa mukati me physical capacitor pamwe ne capacitance yakaderedzwa zvinobudirira. Izvi zvinoguma ne unclean output voltage (Green Line) ine avhareji ye DC yakaderera pane inodiwa kune mutoro. Saka kana voltage yakagadziriswa (yepepuru) yakwira, capacitor haigone kuchengeta simba iroro rakakwana - zvekuti pakupera kwe falling edge, output voltage (yegirini) inongodonha kusvika padanho rakaderedzwa.
Kutsiva capacitor kunowanzo gadzirisa dambudziko iri. Dunhu rinogona kushanda zvakare sezvarakagadzirirwa - kusefa ripple voltage isingadiwe uye kuendesa DC voltage yakachena kumutoro. Asi nei macaps aya achikundikana? Chii chingaitwe kudzivirira izvi? Munodzivisa sei izvi kuti zvisadzokorore? Chekutanga, electrolytic capacitors dzine hupenyu hushoma. Mazhinji aluminium electrolytic capacitors anovimbiswa kugara maawa 1000 - 10,000 patembiricha yavo yakayerwa, zvichienderana ne capacitance uye voltage. Kune magetsi anoshanda maawa 24/7 (senge ari mumidziyo inopa simba kubhatani rekuti "on"), izvi zvinoreva mazuva makumi mana nemaviri kusvika pagore rimwe nehafu. Hupenyu hwese hunoenderanawo nemutoro wemagetsi uri pasi pawo, tembiricha yemhepo yakakomberedza capacitor (inogona kugara maawa akawanda zvakanyanya sezvo tembiricha yekushanda ichiderera), uye duty cycle yekushandiswa (kuti chero maawa/zuva magetsi anowedzerwa sei). Tembiricha yepamusoro yekushanda ndeimwe yezvikonzero zvinoita kuti electrolytic capacitors ive imwe yezvikamu zvinowanzo kundikana mumagetsi.
chinyorwa kubva ku:https://qr.ae/pCWki4
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-26-2025