Basa uye Basa Revakadzi Mune Zvemitambo Yemazuva Ano
Capacitors iri Ubiquitous munyika yemagetsi, ichishandira sezvinhu zvakakosha izvo zvinoita zvakarongeka mabasa ekutsoropodza. Kunyangwe inowanikwa mumidziyo yedzimba kana iyo yakaoma maindasitiri system, capacitors ndeyekuita basa uye kushanda kwemashanduro emagetsi. Ichi chinyorwa chinopera mumabasa mazhinji emapaya emapaya, achitsvaga nheyo dzadzo dzekupfeka, zvinoshandiswa, uye zvinokanganisa pamagetsi emazuva ano.
1. Kunzwisisa izvo zvekutanga zve capacitors
Pazviri, capacitor ndeyechinyakareElectronic Chikamuiyo inochengetera simba remagetsi mumunda yemagetsi. Iyo ine maviri ekugadzirisa mahwendefa akapatsanurwa neye dielectric zvinhu, izvo zvinoita senge insulator. Kana voltage yashandiswa pamapurisa, munda wemagetsi unovandudza madivi ehowa, zvichikonzera kuunganidzwa kwemutungamiriri akanaka pane imwe ndiro uye yakaipa mhosva kune imwe. Simba iri rakachengetwa rinogona kuburitswa kana richidikanwa, kugadzira capacitors kuchikosha mukushandisa kwakasiyana siyana.
1.1Kugona uye yayo inosarudza
Iko kugona kwe capacit yekutengesa kubhadhara kunoyerwa nekugona kwayo, kunoratidzwa mufarai (f). Kukwirisa kwakananga kwakananga kunzvimbo yemukati yemapurati uye iyo dielelectric inogara ichishandiswa, uye yakanyanya kuenzana nechekure pakati pemahwendefa. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemapacitors dzakagadzirwa neyakajairika capacitance
2. Key Mabasa eCapacitors
Capacitors inoita dzakasiyana siyana mabasa ezvemagetsi matunhu, chimwe nechimwe chinobatsira pakuita zvakazara uye kugadzikana kwehurongwa.
2.1Simba rekuchengetedza simba
Imwe yemasangano ekutanga e capcitor ndeyekuchengetedza simba. Kusiyana nemabhatiri ayo akachengeta simba remakemikari, capacitors chitoro simba zvisizvo. Kugona uku kwekukurumidza kuchengeta uye kusunungura simba kunoita kuti capachitors yakakodzera kuti application inoda kukurumidza kuraswa, sekupenya kamera, defibrillators, uye inodhonzwa Laser masisitimu.
Supercapacitors, mhando yeakakwirira-capacitance capacitor, inonyanya kukosha kune yavo yekuchengetedza simba yekuchengetedza. Ivo vanokwira musana pakati pezvigadziriso capachors uye mabhatiri, vachipa simba rakakwira simba uye nekukurumidza kubhadharisa / discharge clecle. Izvi zvinovaita kuti vazive zvibodzwa kunge vanozvidzora masisitimu emotokari mumotokari yemagetsi uye zvinhu zvekudzosera kumashure.
2.2Kusefa
Mune masimba emasimba masimba, capacitors anotamba basa rakakosha mukuputika. Ivo vanotsvedza vakanyura voltage kutsvuka nekuputira ruzha kusingadiwe uye ripple kubva kuac masaini, ichiratidza kuti yakatsiga dc kubuda. Iri basa rinokosha mune zvesimba zvekushandisa zvemagetsi zvine midziyo yemagetsi, apo yakagadzikana voltage inodiwa kudzivirira kusashanda kana kukuvara.
Capacitors inoshandiswawo mune conjunction ine dzinza kuti ugadzire mafirita ayo anovhara kana kupfuudza chaiyo frequency. Iyi mafirita akakosha mukunyorwa kwakadai sekuteedzera, radio frequency (rf) matunhu, uye kugadzirwa kwemazwi, kwavanobatsira mukuparadzanisa kana kubvisa nguva dzose dzisingadiwe.
2.3Coupling uye decoupling
Capacitors inowanzoshandiswa mukukara uye nekushongedza maficha. MuCoupling, Capacitors inobvumira AC Signals kuti ipfuure kubva pane imwe nhanho yedunhu kuenda kune imwe uchiri kuvhara chero dc chinhu. Izvi zvakakosha mune amplulifiers uye masisitimu ekutaurirana, uko kwakakosha kuendesa masaini pasina kushandura yavo yekuvhara kwavo.
Decopling, kune rumwe rutivi, inosanganisira kuisa capacitors pedyo nepfungwa dzemagetsi dzakabatanidzwa zvapera (ICS) kuchengetedza voltage spikes uye kupa reservoir yemunharaunda yekubhadhara. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mune yakakwira-mhanya dijitariti makomumi ekukurumidza kuchinja kunogona kukonzera kusanzwisisika kunokanganisa, zvinogona kutungamira kuzvikanganiso kana ruzha.
2.4Nguva uye oscilllation
Capacitors ndiyo yakakosha zvikamu mukuita nguva uye oscillation matunhu. Kana ikabatanidzwa nevaridzike kana zviripo, capacitors inogona kuumba rc (inodzivisa-capacoritor) kana lc (inductor-capacitor) inotora nguva yekunonoka kana oscillation. Matunhu aya anonhuhwirira mune dhizaini yemavhi, nguva, uye oscilles anoshandiswa mune zvese kubva kune zvese zvinoonekwa neredhiyo kuenda kuRadio Transmitters.
Maitiro ekuchaja uye anodhara emapaya mumatunhu aya anoratidza nguva dzekutenderera, achivaita kuti vashande mune zvekushandisa zvichiratidza nguva chaiyo yekudzora, senge mune microcontroller nguva-masisitimu kana pulse-upamhi modulation (PWM) matunhu.
2,5Energy kuendesa
Mukushandisa uko kukurumidza kwesimba kudiwa, capacitors excel nekuda kwekugona kwavo kwekubvisa simba rakachengetedzwa nekukurumidza. Ichi chivakwa chinobatwa mumidziyo kunge electromagnic pulse jenarators, apo ma capacitors kusunungura simba ravo rakachengetwa mune pfupi, ine simba kuputika. Saizvozvo, mumabribrilly, capacitors nekukurumidza kuburitsa kuendesa iyo inodiwa yemagetsi kushamisika kwemoyo wemurwere.
3. Mhando dze capacitors uye zvavanoshandisa
Kune akati wandei marudzi e capacitors, imwe neimwe yakagadzirirwa kunyorera macomputer zvichienderana nehunhu hwavo sekugona kwavo senge kugona, chiyero chekuverenga, kushivirira, uye kugadzikana.
3.1Electrolytic capacitors
Electrolytic capacitorsvanozivikanwa nekuda kweiyo yavo yakakwira tsika uye inowanzoshandiswa mune masimba masimba matunhu ekuchengetedza uye simba rekuchengetedza simba. Ivo padzino padzai, zvichireva kuti vane kutungamira kwakanaka uye kwakashata, izvo zvinofanirwa kuve zvakanyatsotarisirwa mudunhu kuzadzisa kukuvara. Aya ma capacitor anowanzowanikwa mune zvekushandisa senge simba amoplifiers, uko hombe yekugona kunodiwa kuti udzime simba rekuwanikwa.
3.2Ceramic capacitors
Ceramic capacitors inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwehukuru hwavo, mutengo wakaderera, uye huwandu hwakawanda hwehunhu hwekugona. Ivo havana-padzisiki, vachiita kuti vabatsire kushandiswa mukushandiswa kwemari dzakasiyana siyana. Ceramic capacitors inowanzoshandiswa mukuwedzera-frequency-frequency application, yakadai seRF zvamatunhu uye nekushongedza mumatunhu emidijitari, uko kugadzikana kwavo kwakaderera uye kugadzikana kwakanyanya zvinobatsira.
3.3Firimu capacitors
Firimu capacitors inozivikanwa nekugadzikana kwavo kwakanyanya, kuderera kwekunyepedzera, uye zvakaderera dielectric yekutora. Ivo vanowanzoshandiswa mune zvekushandisa zvinoda kujeka kwakanyanya uye kuvimbika, kwakadai sekuteerera kwenzvimbo, magetsi magetsi, uye kusefa. Firimu capacitors dzinouya mumhando dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira polyester, polypropylene, uye polsstyrene, imwe neimwe inopa zvakasiyana maitiro ekuita.
3.4Supercapacitors
Supercapacitors, anozivikanwawo se Ultracapacitors, ipa zvakanyanya migariro miitiro yekuenzanisa ichienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi emapacitor. Ivo vanoshandiswa mukushandisa simba rekuchengetera ipo pakagadziriswa uye kuraswa madhiri anodiwa, sekuzvarwa kwezviitiko zvekusvika, backup zvinhu zvekushandisa, uye memory backup mumidziyo yemagetsi. Nepo ivo vasingachengete simba rakawanda semabhatiri, kugona kwavo kuendesa nekukurumidza kuputika kwesimba kunoita kuti vakurumbira mune zvakanyatso.
3.5Tantalum capacitors
Tantalum capacitors inozivikanwa kune yavo yakakwira capacitance pahoriyamu, ichiita kuti vakwanise kuve vakanakira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Ivo vanowanzoshandiswa mufoni mbozha, malaptops, uye mamwe magetsi anotakurika ipo nzvimbo inogumira. Tantalum capacitors inopa kugadzikana uye kuvimbika, asi ivo zvakare vanodhura kupfuura mamwe marudzi.
4. Capacitors muhunyanzvi hwemazuva ano
Semunhu tekinoroji inofambira mberi, capacitors ichiramba ichitamba chiitiko chakakosha mukuvandudzwa uye kurudziro yezvemagetsi masisitimu.
4.1Capacitors mune emagetsi emagetsi
Mune indasitiri yemotokari, capacitors inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumatunhu akasiyana emagetsi ekudzivirira (ECUS), Sensors, uye Simba Management Systems. Kuwedzera kuoma kweiyo emagetsi emagetsi, kusanganisira kusimuka kwemotokari yemagetsi (Evs) uye Autonomous dhizaini tekinoroji, yakatsvaga kudiwa kweakakwirira-mashandiro ezvekuita. Semuenzaniso, maCapcitors vari vevatambi veimba uye mabhatiri emanagement masisitimu anofanirwa kubata voltage dzakakwirira uye tembiricha, dzinoda kugona nekuvimbika kwakanyanya uye kureba maLealspans.
4.2Capacitors mune inovandudza esimba masisitimu
Capacitors zvakare vanokanganiswawo mune zvimisikidzwa masimba masisitimu, akadai sesimba resimba revatambi uye mhepo turbine jenarator. Mune aya masisitimu, capacitors inobatsira kutsikisa voltage uye ruzha rwechisimba, ichiita kuti simba rekushandurwa kwesimba uye kutapurirana. Supercapacitors, kunyanya, vari kuwana hanya nekuda kwekugona kwavo kuchengeta uye nekukurumidza kusunungura simba, vachiita kuti vakwanise kuita kuti vagadziriswe grid uye kuchengetedza simba mukuvandudza simba rekushandisa.
4.3Capacitors mu telecommunications
Muindasitiri wefoni Sezvo 5G network inowedzera, kudiwa kwe capacitors neakakwirira-frequency kugadzikana uye kurasikirwa kwakaderera kuri kuwedzera, kutyaira mune tekinoroji tekinoroji yekuita izvi zvinodiwa.
4.4Capacitors muVatengi Electronics
Zvevatengi zvemagetsi, kusanganisira smartphones, mahwendefa, uye zvishandiso zvinosemesa, vimba zvakanyanya pane capacitors yekugadzira simba, chiratidzo, uye miniaturization. Sezvo midziyo inova yakawandisa uye ine simba-inoshanda, kudiwa kwevanoita capacitors nekukwira kwakanyanya, saizi diki, uye yakaderera leakage yazvino inova yakaoma. Tantalum uye ceramic capacitors inowanzo shandiswa mune izvi zvekushandisa nekuda kwehukuru hwavo hwekuita uye kugadzikana.
5. Zvinonetsa uye zvigadzirwa muCapacorit tekinoroji
Nepo capacitors yave iri nzvimbo yemagetsi emakumi emakore kwemakumi emakore, kufambira mberi kunoramba uchifambira mberi uye nematambudziko kunoramba kuchinjisa kukura kwavo.
5.1Miniaturization uye yakakwira kugona
Kudiwa kwezvidimbu zvidiki, zvine simba zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvakakonzera kushinha kwe miniaturization mu capacitor tekinoroji. Vagadziri vari kukura capacitors vane huwandu hwekugona kugona mumapakeji madiki, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kune zvinoshandiswa pakushandisa mu smartphones uye zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa. Zvigadzirwa muzvishandiso uye maitiro ekugadzira ndiwo kiyi yekuzadzisa izvi zvinangwa.
5.2Yakakwirira-tembiricha uye yakakwirira-voltage capacitors
Sezvo zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinoshanda munzvimbo dzinowedzera dzinodiwa, dzakadai sekushandisa dzemagetsi kana dzekushandiswa kwezvekushandisa, kudiwa kwevanhu vanogona kutsungirira tembiricha uye voltages iri kukura. Tsvagurudzo inotarisisa pane inokudziridza capacitors nekuvandudzwa kwekunyora kugadzikana uye dielectric simba kuti uite izvi zvinodiwa.
5.3Kufunga kwezvakatipoteredza
Kunetseka kwezvakatipoteredza kuri zvakare kutyaira madhiri mu capacitor tekinoroji. Iko kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvine njodzi, sekutungamira uye zvimwe zvidzi zvevadyo, zviri kufarirwa kunze kwekuwedzera dzimwe nzira dzenzvimbo dzevatiridzi. Pamusoro pezvo, kudzokororwa uye kuraswa kwecac
Itors, kunyanya avo vane zvinhu zvisingawanzo kana zvinhu zvine chepfu, zviri kuita zvakanyanya kutakura kunge marara emagetsi anowedzera.
5.4Capacitors mune inobuda tekinoroji
Kubuda kwehunyanzvi, senge quantum compomputera uye yakakwira AI masisitimu, pamba matambudziko matsva nemikana yekubudirira kweCacacitor. Aya matekinoroji anoda zvikamu zvine hupfupi zvakanyanya, ruzha rwakaderera, uye kugadzikana, kusundira miganhu yezvinogona kuita izvo zvinogona kuzadzisa. Vatsvagiri vari kuongorora zvinhu zvekushandisa uye zvigadzirwa kugadzira capacitors iyo inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zveiyi yekucheka-yekucheka.
6. Mhedziso
Capacitors ndeyechokwadi zvikamu zviri munyika yemagetsi, kuita huwandu hwakawanda hwekuchengetedza simba uye kuseya kusvika pakukora, nekukasira, uye nguva. Kuverengera kwavo uye kuvimbika kunovaita idombo rekona yehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano, vachitsigira kufambira mberi kwezvinhu zvese kubva kune vatengi magetsi kune emagetsi masisitimu uye esimba rinovandudzwa. Semunhu tekinoroji inoramba ichishanduka, saka basa rekutyaira richaita ivhu richagadzira ramangwana remagetsi.
Kunyangwe ichisimbisa mashandiro ekushanda kweSmartpher Patinotarisira ramangwana, kugadzikana kunoramba kuchiramba uye kunatsiridza tekinoroji emapacoritor kuchakakosha mukusangana nematambudziko nemikana kunoratidzwa nemakonzo ematongerwo enyika uye kufunga kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kutumira Nguva: Aug-13-2024