Kunzwisisa kuti sei capacitor inoshanda: yakadzika marara mukuita mashandiro, mafomu, uye kukanganisa

Capacitors ndeye Ubiquitous munyika yemagetsi, zvakakosha pakuvhiya kwemidziyo isingaverengeke uye masisitimu. Ivo vari nyore mumugadzirwa yavo asi zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa mune yavo application. Kuti akanyatsokoshesa basa remacalogy yemazuva ano, zvakakosha kuti utarise muchimiro chavo, pasi pemitemo, maitiro madunhu, uye hupamhi hwezvavanoshandisa. Uku kuongorora kwakazara kunopa kunyatsonzwisisa kuti anoshanda sei basa, achiwedzera mukukanganisa kwavo kwehunyanzvi uye yavo yemberi kugona.

Chimiro chakakosha che capacitor

Pazasi payo, a capacitritor ine maviri mahwendefa ekugadzirisa akapatsanurwa neyekuchinja zvinhu anozivikanwa se dielectric. Ichi chimiro chakakosha chinogona kuzadzikiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pane yakapfava yakafanana-plate capacitor kune mamwe madhiri akaomesesa kunge cylindrical kana sperical capacitors. Mahwendefa ekuita anowanzogadzirwa kubva pesimbi, akadai sealuminium kana tantalum kana nepo defectric zvinhu zvinogona kubva kune ceramic mafirimu emapolymer, zvichienderana nekunyorwa kwekushandisa.

Mahwendefa akabatana nedunhu rekunze, kazhinji kuburikidza neTreeminals anobvumidza kushandiswa kweiyo voltage. Kana voltage yashandiswa pamapurisa, munda wemagetsi unogadzirwa mukati meiyo dielectric, inotungamira kuunganidzwa kwemhosva pamapuranga-akanaka pane imwe ndiro uye yakaipa pane imwe. Uku kuparadzaniswa kwekuparadzanisa ndiyo nzira yakakosha iyo iyocapacitorschengetedza simba remagetsi.

Iyo Fizikisi kumashure Kwekuchengetedzeka

Maitiro ekuchengetedza simba mumuzipa anotongwa nemisimboti yemagetsi. Kana voltage

V inoiswa pamapuranga e capacitor, munda wemagetsi

E anokudziridza mu dielectric zvinhu. Iyi shamba inopa simba pane yemagetsi emagetsi mumagetsi ekuita mahwendefa, zvichikonzera kuti vatamire. Electrons inounganidza pane imwe ndiro, ichigadzira mushonga usina kunaka, nepo imwe ndiro inorasikirwa neyemagetsi, ichipomerwa zvakanaka.

Iyo dielectric yezvinhu inotamba yakakosha basa mukuwedzera kugona kwemuzta capcitor yekuchengetedza. Izvo zvinodaro nekudzora iyo emagetsi munda pakati pemapurisa ehuwandu hwakapihwa hwekuchengetwa, izvo zvinowedzera zvinowedzera kuwanda kwechishandiso. Kugona

C inotsanangurwa sechiyero chekubhadhara

Q akachengetwa pamapurisa kune voltage

V yakashandiswa:

Iyi equation inoratidza kuti kugona kwakabatana zvakananga kune iyo mhosva yakachengetedzwa kuti vapiwe voltage. Iyo yuniti yeaccount ndiyo fadad (f), inonzi Michael Faray, piyona muchidzidzo cheElekomagnetism.

Zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinopesvedzera capacitor canacitor:

1. Nzvimbo yemukati yemaplate: Mahwendefa akakura anogona kuchengeta yakawanda kubhadharisa, inotungamira kune yepamusoro yekugona.
2. Chinhambwe pakati pemaplate: Chikamu chidiki chinowedzera simba remagetsi uye, nokudaro, kugona.
3. Dielectric zvinhu: Iyo mhando ye dielectric inokanganisa kugona kwe capacitor kugona kuchengetedza. Zvishandiso zvine yakakwirira dielectric inogara (mvumo) inowedzera kugona.

Mune Mitemo Inoshanda, Capacitors kazhinji ine capcitances kubva pane picofarads (PF) kune maFaraDs (F), zvichienderana nekukura kwavo, dhizaini, uye zvaironga.

Simba Kuchengetedza uye Kusunungurwa

Simba rakachengetwa mu capacitor ibasa rekugona kwayo uye kuenzana kweiyo voltage pamipendero yayo. Simba

E akachengetwa anogona kutaurwa se:

Kuenzanisa uku kunoratidza kuti simba rakachengetwa mune capacitor inowedzera neese caketitance uye voltage. ZVINOKOSHA, Simba rekuchengetedza simba mumapacitors rakasiyana neiyo yemabhatiri. Nepo mabhatiri ekutengesa simba nemakemikari uye achiburitsa zvishoma nezvishoma, capacitors chitoro simba lectrasiticall uye inogona kusunungura pakarepo. Uyu musiyano unoita capacitory yakakodzera kuti application inoda kukurumidza kuputika kwesimba.

Kana dunhu rekunze rinobvumira, iyo capacitor inogona kubvisa simba rayo rakachengetwa, kusunungura mutero wakaunganidzwa. Iyi yekubvisa maitiro inogona kuita zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana mudunhu, zvichienderana nekugona kwe capacitor uye zvinodiwa zvechiteshi.

Capacitors muAC uye DC zvitima

Maitiro eCapacors anosiyana zvakanyanya pakati peakananga izvozvi

1. Capacitors in dc dunhu. Sezvo ca capacitititirs mhosva, iyo voltage pamapurisa ayo inowedzera, kupikisa iyo inoshandiswa voltage. Pakupedzisira, voltage pane iyo capacitor yakaenzana neiyo yakaiswa voltage, uye kuyerera kwazvino kunomira, panguva iyo nzvimbo iyo iyo capacitor inobhadharwa zvakakwana. Panguva ino, iyo capacitor inoita se dunhu rakavhurika, rinobudirira kuvharira chero kuyerera kwazvino.Ichi chivakwa chinoshandiswa mukushandisa senge zvinyoro-nyoro zvinobuda muzvinhu zvemagetsi, uko ma capacitors anogona kuseya ripples muDCTOLT
2. Capacitors mune accumes. Iyi yekuchinja voltage inokonzeresa iyo capacitit yekutarisa pamwe chete neyekupandira uye kusimuka kwega kwega kweiyo ac sign. Nekuda kwehunhu uhu, capacitors in accumit inobvumira AC ikozvino kuti ipfuure kuburikidza nepo uchivharidzira cheroDC zvikamu.Iko kusakwana
   $ZZ$

    

   Z ye capacititor mune acc redunhu inopihwa na:

    

   $Z\; =\; 12\pi fcz\; =\; =\; FRAC\; \{1\}\; \{2\; \backslash \; pi\; fc\}$

    
   

Kupif ndiyo frequency yeiyo ac sign. Kuenzanisa uku kunoratidza kuti kukanganisika kwemuchadenga kunodzikira pakuwedzera kuwanda, kugadzira capacitors kunobatsira mukushandisa zviratidzo zvekushandisa zvavanogona kubhadhara-frequency masaini

Zvinoshanda zvinoshanda zve capacitors

Capacitors ndeyekunyora kuwandisa zvikumbiro muminda dzakasiyana siyana yehunyanzvi. Kugona kwavo kuchengeta uye kusunungura simba, masaini efaira, uye kupesvedzera nguva yematunhu kunovaita ivo vanokoshesa mumidziyo yakawanda yemagetsi.

1. Simba Swown Systems. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumidziyo inoda nzvimbo inowanzoenderana, senge makomputa uye smartphones. Capacitors mune aya masisitimu anoita se mafirita, kutora spikes uye dips mune voltage uye ichireva kuti kuyerera kwemagetsi.Pamusoro pezvo, capacitors inoshandiswa mune isingazivikanwe simba zvinhu (UPS) kupa backup simba panguva pfupi kubuda. Mafuru makuru, anozivikanwa seanonyanya kuita, anonyanya kushanda mune izvi zvekushandisa nekuda kwekugona kwavo kwakakura uye kugona kuraswa nekukurumidza.
2. Signal Processing: MuAnalog Dunhu, Capacitors dzinotamba basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa chiratidzo. Ivo vanoshandiswa mumafirita kuti vapfuure kana kuvhara chaiwo frequency mugari, vachiumba chiratidzo chekuenderera mberi kugadzirisa. Semuenzaniso, mumidziyo yeongororo, capacitors inobatsira kuseya ruzha ruzha, ichingoona kuti iyo chete yekuzivisa kudiwa inodiwa inokurudzirwa uye inoendeswa.Capacitors inoshandiswawo mukukara uye nekushongedza zvikumbiro. MuCoupling, capacitor inobvumira AC Signals kuti ipfuure kubva pane imwe nhanho yedunhu kuenda kune imwe nguva yekuvhara DC zvikamu zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro ematanho anotevera. Mukudonha, capacitors inoiswa pamitsetse yekupa simba yekuisa kusefa uye kuzvidzivirira kubva mukukanganisa zvinhu zvakanyanyisa.
3. Tuning matunhu. Kugona uku kusarudzika kwakakosha pakusarudza zviratidzo zvaunoda kubva kune yakafara spectrum, sekugamuchira redhiyo, uko macacitors inobatsira kupatsanura uye kukwidziridzwa chiratidzo chekufarira.
4. Nguva uye oscilllator matunhu. Iko kubhadharisa uye kudhakwa kwe capacititor kuburikidza nekupokana kunogadzira nguva yekufungidzira kunonoka, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kuburitsa masaini kana kuti zvinhu zvinokonzeresa.Oscilllator matunhu, ayo anogadzira kuenderera mberi arturms, zvakare anovimba nemacallitors. Mumatunhu aya, iyo capacititit yekutarisa uye kubvisa maCocarge cowlation inoda kuti gadziriro inopa masaini inoshandiswa mune zvese kubva kune radio tripretter mumimhanzi yemagetsi synthesiz.
5. Simba rekuchengetedza simba: Supercapacitors, inozivikanwawo se ultracapacitors, inomiririra kufambira mberi kwakakura mukuchengetedza simba Midziyo iyi inogona kuchengeta huwandu hwakawanda hwesimba uye uchiiburitsa nekukurumidza, uchiita kuti vakwanise kuti vakwanise kunyorera kunokurumidza kuburitsa simba rekutumira, senge muzvekudzora masisitimu ekutakura mumotokari yemagetsi. Kusiyana nemabhatiri echinyakare, masimba makuru ane mararamiro akareba, anogona kutsungirira mari yekubhadhara zvakanyanya, uye kubhadharisa nekukurumidza.Supercapacitors iri zvakare ichitsvakwa nekushandiswa mune dzidziso dzesimba, uko kwavanogona kuchengeta simba rinogadzirwa nemapaneru kana mhepo turbines uye inoburitsa pazvinodiwa, ichibatsira kusimbisa simba grid.
6. Electrolytic capacitors. Ivo vanowanzoshandiswa mune zvekushandisa apo hombe yekugona kunodiwa muhuwandu diki, senge mune simba rekugovera kusefa uye audio amplifiers. Nekudaro, ivo vane hupenyu hushoma kana hwakaenzaniswa nevamwe capacitors, sezvo iyo electrolyte inogona kuoma nekufamba kwenguva, inotungamira kurasikirwa kwekugona uye kukundikana.

Runyorwa Rwiyo uye Ruzivo muCapacorit tekinoroji

Sezvo tekinoroji inoramba ichishanduka, saka kukuvadzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekugona. Vanotsvagurudza vari kuongorora zvinhu zvitsva uye mano ekuvandudza mashandiro emapaya, achivaita kuti ave nani, akasimba, uye anokwanisa kuchengeta zvakanyanya simba.

1. Nanotechnology: Kufambira mberi muNuzotechnology kuri kutungamira kukuvukira kwevanogona uye kwakavimbiswa zvivakwa. Nekushandisa Nanomeri, akadai seGripon Nanotubes, vaongorori vanogona kugadzira capacitors neakakwira simba dents dents uye nekukurumidza kubhadharisa-discharge clecle. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvinogona kutungamira kune zvidiki, zvine simba masimba izvo zvakanakira kushandiswa mune zvinotakurika zvemagetsi uye mota yemagetsi.
2. Solid-State Capacitors. Aya ma capacitors anopa akavandudzwa kuvandudza kuvimbika, maLealspans allespans, uye kuita zviri nani pakupisa kwakakwirira kunoenzaniswa neyemagetsi ezvemagetsi emagetsi.
3. Inochinjika uye yakasarudzika magetsi: Seyekugara tekinoroji uye magetsi anochinja-chinja okushanduka Vanotsvagurudza vari kukura vanochinjika vanoshandisa masimba sevanoita polymers uye mafirimu anotambanudza, anogonesa manyorero matsva ehutano, kusimba, uye kusimba kwevatengi.
4. Kukohwehwa kwesimba. Iyi masisitimu inogona kupa simba kune zvidiki zvishandiso kana sensors munzvimbo dziri kure, ichidzora kukosha kwemabhatiri echinyakare.
5. Yakakwirira-tembiricha capacitors: Kune kutsvagisa kuenderera mberi mune capacitors kunogona kushanda pakupisa kwakakwirira, izvo zvakakosha kune zvinoshandiswa muEerispace, automotives, uye maindasitiri marongero. Aya ma capacitors anoshandisa yepamusoro dielectric zvinhu zvinogona kutsungirira zvakawandisa mamiriro ezvinhu, kuona kuti kwakavimbika kuita munzvimbo dzine hutsinye.

Mhedziso

Capacitors zvinhu zvisingaverengeki zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano Kugona kwavo kuchengeta uye kusunungura simba nekukurumidza kunovaita kuti vakunde kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa, kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvezvinhu zvekushandisa kuita mashandiro emasisitimu ekutaurirana akaomarara. Sezvo tekinoroji inoramba ichisimudzira, kukura kwezvinhu zvitsva zvinovimbisa kuwedzera kugona kwavo kunyangwe kuenderera mberi, kutyaira munzvimbo dzinovandudzwa sesimba, zvemagetsi zvinochinja, uye zvakakwirira-perform computer. Kunzwisisa kuti vacacacitors vanoshanda sei, uye vachionga nekuchinja kwavo uye kukanganisa, kunopa hwaro hwekuongorora ndima yakakura uye inogara ichikura kukura.