Nhanganyaya
Tekinoroji yemagetsi ndiyo musimboti wezvishandiso zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano, uye sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, kudiwa kwekuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi kuri kuramba kuchikwira. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zve semiconductor kunova kwakakosha. Kunyange hazvo semiconductor dzechinyakare dzesilicon (Si) dzichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya, zvinhu zvitsva zvakaita seGallium Nitride (GaN) neSilicon Carbide (SiC) zviri kuwedzera mukurumbira mumatekinoroji emagetsi anoshanda zvakanyanya. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mutsauko uripo pakati pezvinhu zvitatu izvi mutekinoroji yemagetsi, mamiriro ekushandiswa kwazvo, uye mafambiro aripo pamusika kuti tinzwisise kuti nei GaN neSiC zviri kuve zvakakosha mumagetsi emangwana.
1. Silicon (Si) — Chinhu cheSirivhari cheSimba reMagetsi
1.1 Hunhu uye Zvakanakira
Silicon ndiyo midziyo yekutanga mumunda wemagetsi e semiconductor, ine makumi emakore ekushandiswa muindasitiri yemagetsi. Midziyo yakavakirwa paSi ine maitiro ekugadzira akakura uye ine mashandisirwo akawanda, ichipa zvakanakira zvakaita semutengo wakaderera uye cheni yekugovera yagara iripo. Midziyo yeSilicon inoratidza kufambisa magetsi zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti ikodzere kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwemagetsi emagetsi, kubva kumagetsi emagetsi evatengi ane simba shoma kusvika kumasisitimu eindasitiri ane simba guru.
1.2 Miganhu
Zvisinei, sezvo kudiwa kwekushanda nesimba uye kushanda zvakanaka mumagetsi emagetsi kuri kuwedzera, miganhu yemidziyo yesilicon inova pachena. Chekutanga, silicon inoshanda zvisina kunaka mumamiriro ezvinhu ane frequency yakakwira uye tembiricha yakakwira, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa nesimba kwakawanda uye kudzikira kwekushanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi. Pamusoro pezvo, kudzikira kwekufambisa kwemafuta esilicon kunoita kuti manejimendi ekupisa ave akaoma mukushandiswa kwemagetsi akakwira, zvichikanganisa kuvimbika kwemagetsi uye hupenyu hwemagetsi.
1.3 Nzvimbo dzeKushandisa
Pasinei nematambudziko aya, zvishandiso zvesilicon zvichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya muzvishandiso zvakawanda zvechinyakare, kunyanya muzvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinodhura zvakanyanya uye zvine simba shoma kusvika pakati zvakaita sezvigadziriso zveAC-DC, zvigadziriso zveDC-DC, midziyo yemumba, uye zvishandiso zvemakombiyuta zvemunhu.
2. Gallium Nitride (GaN) — Chinhu Chiri Kubudirira Kushanda Zvikuru
2.1 Hunhu uye Zvakanakira
Gallium Nitride ibasa gurusemiconductorzvinhu zvinoratidzwa nekukanganiswa kwakanyanya, kufamba kwemaerekitironi akawanda, uye kusadzivirirwa zvakanyanya. Zvichienzaniswa nesilicon, zvishandiso zveGaN zvinogona kushanda pamafrequencies akakwira, zvichideredza zvikuru saizi yezvikamu zvisingashande mumagetsi uye kuwedzera huwandu hwesimba. Uyezve, zvishandiso zveGaN zvinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba remagetsi nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwaro kwekufambisa nekuchinja, kunyanya mukushandiswa kwesimba repakati kusvika pasi, uye mafrequencies akakwira.
2.2 Miganhu
Pasinei nemabhenefiti makuru ekushanda kweGaN, mitengo yekugadzira yayo inoramba yakakwira, zvichideredza kushandiswa kwayo kune mashandisirwo epamusoro-soro uko kushanda kwayo nehukuru zvakakosha. Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji yeGaN ichiri muchikamu chekutanga chekuvandudzwa, nekuvimbika kwenguva refu uye kukura kwekugadzirwa kwayo kwakawanda kuchida kuongororwazve.
2.3 Nzvimbo dzeKushandisa
Hunhu hwezvishandiso zveGaN hunoshanda zvakanyanya uye hunoshanda zvakanyanya hwakaita kuti zvishandiswe muminda yakawanda iri kubuda, kusanganisira machaja anokurumidza, magetsi ekutaurirana e5G, ma inverter anoshanda zvakanaka, uye magetsi emuchadenga. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi uye mitengo ichiderera, GaN inotarisirwa kutamba basa rakakosha mumhando dzakasiyana dzemashandisirwo.
3. Silicon Carbide (SiC) — Chinhu Chinodiwa Pakushandisa MaPower Akawanda
3.1 Hunhu uye Zvakanakira
Silicon Carbide chimwe chinhu chakakura che semiconductor chine nzvimbo yakakura yekupwanya magetsi, thermal conductivity, uye electron saturation velocity yakakwira kupfuura silicon. SiC devices dzinoshanda zvakanaka mukushandiswa kwe high-voltage uye high-power, kunyanya mumota dzemagetsi (EVs) uye ma industrial inverters. SiC's high voltage tolerance uye low switching losses zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka yekushandura simba zvinobudirira uye kugadzirisa simba.
3.2 Miganhu
Kufanana neGaN, michina yeSiC inodhura kugadzira, ine maitiro akaomarara ekugadzira. Izvi zvinoderedza kushandiswa kwayo kune mashandisirwo akakosha akadai semagetsi eEV, masisitimu esimba rinodzokororwa, ma inverter ane voltage yakawanda, uye michina yemagetsi akangwara.
3.3 Nzvimbo dzeKushandisa
Hunhu hweSiC hunoshanda uye hune simba guru hwemagetsi hunoita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya mumidziyo yemagetsi inoshanda munzvimbo dzine simba guru uye tembiricha yepamusoro, senge maEV inverters nemacharger, ma solar inverters ane simba guru, masisitimu emagetsi emhepo, nezvimwewo. Sezvo kudiwa kwemusika kuchikura uye tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, kushandiswa kwemidziyo yeSiC munzvimbo idzi kucharamba kuchikura.
4. Kuongorora Mafambiro Emusika
4.1 Kukura Nokukurumidza kweMisika yeGaN neSiC
Parizvino, musika wetekinoroji yemagetsi uri kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma, zvishoma nezvishoma uchichinja kubva pamidziyo yechinyakare yesilicon kuenda kumidziyo yeGaN neSiC. Sekureva kwemishumo yekutsvagisa kwemusika, musika wemidziyo yeGaN neSiC uri kukura nekukurumidza uye unotarisirwa kuramba uchikura zvakanyanya mumakore anotevera. Maitiro aya anonyanya kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvakati wandei:
- **Kukwira kweMotokari dzeMagetsi**: Sezvo musika wemagetsi uchikura nekukurumidza, kudiwa kwemasemiconductors ane simba remagetsi akawanda uye anoshanda zvakanyanya kuri kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Midziyo yeSiC, nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwepamusoro mukushandiswa kwemagetsi akawanda, yave sarudzo inofarirwa kuneMasisitimu emagetsi emagetsi.
- **Kuvandudza Simba Rinodzokororwa**: Masisitimu ekugadzira simba rinodzokororwa, akadai sesimba rezuva nemhepo, anoda matekinoroji ekushandura simba zvinobudirira. Midziyo yeSiC, ine kushanda kwayo kwakanyanya uye kuvimbika, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumasisitimu aya.
- **Kuvandudza Magetsi Emagetsi Evatengi**: Sezvo magetsi emagetsi evatengi akadai semafoni nemalaptop achichinja kuita kuti bhatiri rishande zvakanaka uye rigare kwenguva refu, zvishandiso zveGaN zviri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumachaja anokurumidza uye maadapter emagetsi nekuda kwehunhu hwazvo hwepamusoro-soro uye kushanda zvakanaka.
4.2 Sei Uchifanira Kusarudza GaN neSiC
Kutariswa kwakawanda kweGaN neSiC kunobva pakushanda kwavo kwepamusoro-soro kupfuura silicon muzvishandiso zvakati.
- **Kushanda Kwazvo Kwakanyanya**: Midziyo yeGaN neSiC inobudirira zvikuru mukushandiswa kwemafrequency akawanda uye mavoltage akakwira, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kurasikirwa kwesimba uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwesisitimu. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru mumotokari dzemagetsi, simba rinogona kuvandudzwa, uye midziyo yemagetsi inoshanda zvakanyanya.
- **Saizi Diki**: Nekuti zvishandiso zveGaN neSiC zvinogona kushanda pama frequency akakwira, vagadziri vemagetsi vanogona kuderedza saizi yezvikamu zvisingashande, nokudaro vachideredza saizi yehurongwa hwemagetsi. Izvi zvakakosha kune maapplication anoda miniaturization uye madhizaini akareruka, akadai semagetsi evatengi nemidziyo yemuchadenga.
- **Kuwedzera Kuvimbika**: Midziyo yeSiC inoratidza kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwekupisa uye kuvimbika munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya, dzine voltage yakawanda, zvichideredza kudiwa kwekutonhodza kwekunze uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwemuchina.
5. Mhedziso
Mukushanduka kwetekinoroji yemagetsi yemazuva ano, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zve semiconductor kunokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro esystem uye kugona kwayo kushandisa. Kunyange hazvo silicon ichiri kutonga mumusika wezvishandiso zvemagetsi zvechinyakare, matekinoroji eGaN neSiC ari kukurumidza kuva sarudzo dzakakodzera dzemasisitimu emagetsi anoshanda zvakanaka, ane huwandu hwakawanda, uye akavimbika zvakanyanya sezvaanokura.
GaN iri kukurumidza kupinda muvatengizvemagetsiuye zvikamu zvekutaurirana nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwepamusoro-soro uye hunoshanda zvakanyanya, nepo SiC, ine zvayakanakira zvayo zvakasiyana mukushandiswa kwemagetsi ane simba rakawanda, iri kuva chinhu chakakosha mumotokari dzemagetsi uye masisitimu esimba rinodzokororwa. Sezvo mitengo ichiderera uye tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, GaN neSiC zvinotarisirwa kutsiva zvishandiso zvesilicon mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemashandisirwo, zvichiendesa tekinoroji yemagetsi muchikamu chitsva chekuvandudza.
Shanduko iyi inotungamirwa neGaN neSiC haizongochinji chete magadzirirwo akaitwa masisitimu emagetsi asiwo inokanganisa zvakanyanya maindasitiri akawanda, kubva kumagetsi evatengi kusvika kuhutongi hwesimba, zvichivasundira kune mashandiro akanaka uye nzira dzisingakuvadzi nharaunda.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-28-2024